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When building applications, you often need to manage and compare objects to determine what has changed between different states of the same data. This is where the compareObjects function comes in handy. The compareObjects function takes two instances of an object, typically representing different states of the same data and returns a detailed array of changes. Each entry in this array represents a specific property that has been added, removed, or modified, including both its old and new values. ...

I ran into an issue where i had to make a copy of a JS object in order to compare it to another version of itself and see what differences are there what was added and what was removed and here is a summery of my search. Shallow copy In this method we copy the attributes of the object without copying but keeping the reference to the same values in memory so when changing the value in the first object it will change in the second object. ...

Software PID A proportional-integral-derivative controller (PID controller) is a feedback-based control loop mechanism that is widely employed in industrial control systems and a variety of other applications requiring constantly modulated control. Hence the name, a PID controller constantly calculates an error value e as the difference between a desired set-point (SP) and a measured process variable (PV) and then makes a correction based on proportional, integral, and derivative terms (denoted P, I, and D, respectively). ...

The thermostat is a laboratory device that is designed for temperature control applications with liquid in a bath tank. An external loop circuit can be connected to the pump connectors so that the temperature of the bath can remain constant. As discussed previously the thermostats job is to bring both plates to a base temperature. The thermostats reports to the PC after the installation of the driver with the identifier “STMicroelectronics virtual COM port” in Device Manager and to operate the device there are a list of commands that can be send to the device using any serial connection with the device. ...

The BELEKTRONIG benchtop temperature controllers of the BTC series are used to control heating or Peltier elements. For my thesis project i had to write a driver for the device and now i’m sharing it for whoever is using the same device and wants a ready driver to communicate with the device Code import pyvisa, time, logging class PIDDriverV2(): def __init__(self, base): self.logger = logging.getLogger('logger') try: rm = pyvisa.ResourceManager() self.ser = rm.open_resource(str(base.pid_port)) self.ser.write_termination = "\r" except Exception as e: self.logger.critical("Failed to establish connection to Thermostat " + str(e)) self.max_voltage = self.getRatedVoltage() self.output_min, self.output_max = self.getOutputLimits() self.primary_sensor = self.getPrimarySensor() def getRatedVoltage(self): """Reading of the rated voltage of power supply used for temperature control.""" self.ser.write('U1') res = self.ser.read_bytes(2) value = int.from_bytes(res, "big", signed = True) value = round(value/10.0,0) # to V/°C return value def getOutputLimits(self): self.ser.write('G8') res = self.ser.read_bytes(8) value = int.from_bytes(res[0:4], "big", signed = True) min = value / (2**16-1) * 100 value = int.from_bytes(res[4:8], "big", signed = True) max = value / (2**16-1) * 100 return min, max def getPrimarySensor(self): """Get the Primary active sensor""" self.ser.write('R7') res = self.ser.read_bytes(1) value = int.from_bytes(res, "big") return value def getVoltageLimits(self): self.ser.write('G8') res = self.ser.read_bytes(8) value = int.from_bytes(res[0:4], "big", signed = True) min = value / (2**16-1) * self.max_voltage value = int.from_bytes(res[4:8], "big", signed = True) max = value / (2**16-1) * self.max_voltage return min, max def getDeviceConfiguration(self): """ get the device configuration of the instrument """ self.ser.write('N1') answer = self.ser.read_bytes(16) return answer def getSerialNumber(self): """ get the serial number of the instrument """ self.ser.write('N2') answer = self.ser.read_bytes(4) value = int.from_bytes(answer, "big") return value def getFirmwareVersion(self): """ get the firmware version of the instrument """ self.ser.write('N3') answer = self.ser.read_bytes(4) value = int.from_bytes(answer, "big") return value def getDeviceFeatures(self): """ get the device features of the instrument """ self.ser.write('N5') answer = self.ser.read_bytes(4) value = int.from_bytes(answer, "big") bit_string = "{0:32b}".format(value) bit_list = [x == "1" for x in bit_string][::-1] return bit_list def getOutputVoltage(self): """reading of the output power of the control output.""" self.ser.write("A1") res = self.ser.read_bytes(4) value = int.from_bytes(res, "big", signed = True) return value / (2**16-1) * self.max_voltage def getOutputPower(self): """reading of the output power of the control output. -100% to 100%""" self.ser.write("A1") res = self.ser.read_bytes(4) value = int.from_bytes(res, "big", signed = True) value = value / (2**16-1) * self.max_voltage return value def getControllerMode(self): """reading of the mode of operation of the control output.""" self.ser.write("B1") res = self.ser.read_bytes(1) value = int.from_bytes(res, "big", signed = True) return value def getSetpointTemp(self): """reading of the setpoint temperature in °C""" self.ser.write("S1") time.sleep(1) res = self.ser.read_bytes(4) #print(res) return int.from_bytes(res, "big", signed = True) / 1000 def getSetpointTempNoOverwrite(self): """reading of the setpoint temperature WITHOUT overwriting the internal memory. Reading of the actual value of the setpoint temperature of the active temperature ramp.""" self.ser.write("S2") res = '' while not res: time.sleep(0.3) res = self.ser.read_bytes(4) return int.from_bytes(res, "big", signed = True) / 1000 def getSensorTemp(self, sensor = 0): """Reading of the temperature of sensor input 1...5 in °C""" if sensor == 0: sensor = self.primary_sensor self.ser.write("T"+str(sensor)) time.sleep(0.3) answer = self.ser.read_bytes(4) temperature = int.from_bytes(answer, "big", signed = True) / 1000 return temperature def setControllerMode(self, mode): """ set the cooling/heating mode for a given integer 0 = read only 1 = heat only 2 = cool only 3 = heat and cool """ mode = int(mode) modeByte = mode.to_bytes(1, "big") self.ser.write('b1' + modeByte.decode('latin-1')) def setSetpointTemp(self, value): """setting of the setpoint temperature in °C, don't use if setting point will change frequently so there won't be damage to the internal memory""" cmdprefixBytes = str.encode("s1") value = int(float(value) * 1000) valueBytes = value.to_bytes(4, byteorder='big', signed = True) cmdBytes = cmdprefixBytes + valueBytes + str.encode("\x0D") self.ser.write_raw(cmdBytes) return self.ser.read_bytes(1) def setSetpointTempNoOverwrite(self, value): """setting of the setpoint temperature WITHOUT overwriting the internal memory. Reading of the actual value of the setpoint temperature of the active temperature ramp.""" cmdprefixBytes = str.encode("s2") value = int(float(value) * 1000) valueBytes = value.to_bytes(4, byteorder='big', signed = True) cmdBytes = cmdprefixBytes + valueBytes + str.encode("\x0D") self.ser.write_raw(cmdBytes) return self.ser.read_bytes(1) ...